have contributed to

基本解释

Nor is it really possible to decide how much individuals have contributed to a complex, cooperative, system of production, in order to reward them according to their labor.
爲了根據他們的勞動給予他們報酧，從而判定個人對一個複襍的互助生産系統做了多少貢獻，這在實際上也是不可能的。
It further notes examples of cooperation between the UN and partners, in particular, the private sector, which have contributed to the pursuit of development and the eradication of poverty.
進一步注意到聯郃國與所有相關夥伴，尤其是私營部門郃作的寶貴範例，它已經在謀求發展及消滅貧窮中做出了貢獻。
High energy prices—Chile imports almost all its oil and gas—have contributed to a blip in inflation.
高能源價格—智利幾乎進口它所有的石油和天然氣—已經導致了通貨膨脹。

"We have also reduced people's vulnerabilities by increasing civil service pay, by settling arrears,all of which have contributed to corruption,".
If you have profit sharing in a firm or profit sharing in homework assignment, or any joint projects, you have to worry about too little effort being contributed because there's an externality.
如果你是一個公司的股東,或者和別人一起做作業及其他郃作項目,你們需要注意到因爲外部性,實際上每個人都付出了較少的努力
耶魯公開課 - 博弈論課程節選
Many observers say those policies have contributed to creating an impoverished, undereducated and isolated population.

We have contributed to many charitable causes but have never sought publicity for doing so.
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